{"id":476,"date":"2020-05-02T00:08:56","date_gmt":"2020-05-01T22:08:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.eurominority.eu\/?page_id=476"},"modified":"2020-05-06T23:22:23","modified_gmt":"2020-05-06T21:22:23","slug":"brittany","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.eurominority.eu\/index.php\/en\/brittany\/","title":{"rendered":"Brittany"},"content":{"rendered":"

Brittany, cultural effervescence<\/h2>
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A peninsula at the tip of Europe, Brittany is bordered to the north by the English Channel and to the south by the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of six Celtic nations and is the only one to be found on mainland Europe. From the 4th century, the Britons began to settle on the island. <\/p>

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The Breton flag, Gwenn ha du<\/em>, which literally means \u201cwhite and black\u201d was created by the autonomist architect Morvan Marchal in 1923. It incorporates the \u201cmouchtetures d\u2019hermine\u201d, the symbol of Breton sovereignty and the traditional colours since the 13th century. The number of bands symbolises the nine historic provinces that make up Brittany. <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>

In the 9th\ncentury Brittany began to emancipate itself from its Carolingian neighbours.\nNomino\u00eb, duke of Brittany and Erispo\u00eb, and his son, the king, expanded the\nterritory and made it into the form it retains today. Torn between France and\nEngland, the Montfort dynasty (14th\/15th centuries) managed to keep the country\nindependent. It was then that Brittany saw its golden era, becoming an unchallenged\nmaritime power. A kingdom then a duchy, Brittany was forced to unite with\nFrance by the union of its sovereignty in 1532. Having become a province,\nBrittany retains many privileges (specific legislation, tax collection).<\/p>

During the\nFrench Revolution, it lost its rights and was reduced to 5 departments without\nidentity. It wasn\u2019t until the 19th century that the Breton cultural movement\nbegan to fight for its culture, its language and for self-determination.<\/p>

It is only in\nthe 1970s that the teaching of Breton began, which had long been despised by\nthe authorities. During this period, armed activism by the Front for the\nLiberation of Brittany intensified (1963). Having acquired few rights, the\nBretons fight continuously for the reunification of arbitrarily divided territory and for the Breton and\nGallo languages, which are in danger of extinction today. Without autonomous\nstatus, Brittany does not have the means to manage issues of concern, in\nregards to economic, cultural and linguistic diversity. <\/p>

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Brief history<\/h3>
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Like elsewhere in Europe, in the middle of the 19th century the Breton\nmovement (Emsav<\/em>) became aware of the cultural riches that exist in\nBrittany. Its leading figure is the Marquis T.-H. de la Villemarqu\u00e9 who\ncollected folk songs, which he published under the name Barzaz Breizh. In the\n1920s, an artistic movement was born, which included more than fifty artists in\nall fields (literature, music, visual arts, architecture). They were called Seizh\nBreur<\/em> (Seven Brothers). Their goal was to combine tradition and modernity\nin art and give acclaim back to Brittany in a more militant way than their\npredecessors. By giving Bretons back a taste for their culture and languages,\nthis movement has created a modern Breton, art-nouveau style, which can still\nbe seen in contemporary design.<\/p>

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Identity card<\/h3>
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Name <\/em> <\/td> Breizh<\/strong> | Breton<\/em>
Berta\u00e8yn<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>| Langue d’o\u00efl<\/em>
Bretagne<\/em><\/strong> | French<\/em><\/td><\/tr>
Population <\/em><\/td> 4,713,813<\/strong> inhab. (2017) <\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Area<\/em> <\/td> 34,034 km\u00b2 <\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Languages <\/em> <\/td>Brezhoneg<\/strong> | Breton<\/em> (without official status)
Galo <\/em><\/strong>| Langue d’o\u00efl<\/em> ( without official status )
Fran\u00e7ais <\/strong><\/em> | French<\/em> (official)<\/td><\/tr>
Number of native speakers<\/em> <\/td> 225 000 <\/strong> | Breton<\/em> (2018) <\/td><\/tr>
State of guardianship<\/em> <\/td> France <\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Official status<\/em> <\/td> <\/strong> Region without autonomous status in France<\/strong> <\/td><\/tr>
Capital<\/em><\/td>Naoned<\/strong> | Breton<\/em>
Nantes <\/em><\/strong>| French<\/em>
&
Roazhon<\/strong> | Breton<\/em>
<\/em>Rennes<\/em> <\/strong>| French<\/em><\/td><\/tr>
Historic religion<\/em> <\/td> Roman Catholic<\/strong> <\/td><\/tr>
Flag<\/em> <\/td>Gwenn ha du<\/strong> | Breton<\/em>
(white and black) <\/td><\/tr>
Anthem<\/em> <\/td>Bro Gozh ma zado\u00f9<\/strong> | Breton<\/em>
(Old Land of My Fathers) <\/td><\/tr>
Motto<\/em> <\/td> Potius mori quam foedari<\/strong> | Latin<\/em>
Kentoc\u2019h mervel eget beza\u00f1 saotret<\/em><\/strong> | Breton<\/em>
(Death rather than staining) <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
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Timeline <\/h3>
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